# The Reading Room: sources ## Texts The library holds 256 books. The Black canon, 136 of them, fills the reading room's golden wall and the gilt cases beside the fire: the slave narratives, told by people who were enslaved or written down from their own telling; ten volumes of the WPA interviews with people born in slavery; the radical tradition; Africa and the diaspora, Black history the world over; and the speeches, essays, histories, fiction and poetry of Black writers, with four books by white witnesses and allies of abolition. Scripture and the spirit (32) stand by the fire, useful knowledge and natural history (21) on the south wall, and the great books of the world (67, among them the African and Afro-descended classics of Terence, Apuleius, Augustine, Pushkin and the two Dumas) in the Great Hall. All 256 are in the public domain in the United States: each was published before 1931 (works first published in 1930 entered the public domain on 1 January 2026), and the WPA interviews are a work of the U.S. government. Where a book is a translation, it is the public-domain translation in the Gutenberg edition, named in the list. Every text comes from the Project Gutenberg plain-text edition of the book, taken through the GITenberg mirrors of those editions on GitHub ([github.com/GITenberg](https://github.com/GITenberg)). For the first 26 narratives, each entry gives the year of the edition the text was taken from; for the others, the year the work was first published (for the oldest, its approximate date). Each entry gives the Gutenberg ebook number. The texts load when a reader first takes a book down or opens it, and the arcade keeps each one on the device from then on. ### The Black canon #### The Narratives - **Frederick Douglass**, *Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave* (1845). Ebook #23: - **Harriet Jacobs** (as "Linda Brent"; edited by L. Maria Child), *Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl* (1861). Ebook #11030: - **Solomon Northup** (edited by David Wilson), *Twelve Years a Slave* (1853). Ebook #45631: - **Olaudah Equiano**, *The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African* (1789). Ebook #15399: - **William and Ellen Craft**, *Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom* (1860). Ebook #585: - **Mary Prince** (edited by Thomas Pringle), *The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave* (1831). Ebook #17851: - **Sojourner Truth** (written down by Olive Gilbert), *Narrative of Sojourner Truth* (1850). Ebook #1674: - **Frederick Douglass**, *My Bondage and My Freedom* (1855). Ebook #202: - **Booker T. Washington**, *Up from Slavery: An Autobiography* (1901). Ebook #2376: - **William Wells Brown**, *Narrative of William W. Brown, a Fugitive Slave* (1847). Ebook #15132: - **Henry Bibb**, *Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave* (1849). Ebook #15398: - **James W. C. Pennington**, *The Fugitive Blacksmith* (second edition, 1849). Ebook #15130: - **Elizabeth Keckley**, *Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House* (1868). Ebook #24968: - **Venture Smith**, *A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, a Native of Africa* (1798). Ebook #10075: - **Moses Grandy** (taken down by George Thompson), *Narrative of the Life of Moses Grandy* (1844). Ebook #15036: - **Lunsford Lane**, *The Narrative of Lunsford Lane, Formerly of Raleigh, N.C.* (1842). Ebook #15118: - **Sarah H. Bradford**, *Harriet, the Moses of Her People*, on Harriet Tubman (1886). Ebook #9999: - **Austin Steward**, *Twenty-Two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman* (1856). Ebook #11137: - **Louis Hughes**, *Thirty Years a Slave: From Bondage to Freedom* (1897). Ebook #10431: - **Kate Drumgoold**, *A Slave Girl's Story* (1898). Ebook #17871: - **Annie L. Burton**, *Memories of Childhood's Slavery Days* (1909). Ebook #17864: - **Lucy A. Delaney**, *From the Darkness Cometh the Light; or, Struggles for Freedom* (1891). Ebook #17820: - **Mattie J. Jackson** (written by L. S. Thompson), *The Story of Mattie J. Jackson* (1866). Ebook #17827: - **Old Elizabeth**, *Memoir of Old Elizabeth, a Coloured Woman* (1863). Ebook #17826: - **Noah Davis**, *A Narrative of the Life of Rev. Noah Davis, a Colored Man* (1859). Ebook #20005: - **J. D. Green**, *Narrative of the Life of J. D. Green, a Runaway Slave, from Kentucky* (1864). Ebook #15128: - **Nat Turner** (with Thomas R. Gray), *The Confessions of Nat Turner, the Leader of the Late Insurrections in Southampton, Va.* (1831). Ebook #15333: - **Mary Seacole** (edited by W. J. S.), *Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands* (1857). Ebook #23031: - **William Still**, *The Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &c.* (1872). Ebook #15263: - **Henry Ossian Flipper**, *The Colored Cadet at West Point: Autobiography of Lieut. Henry Ossian Flipper, U.S.A., First Graduate of Color from the U.S. Military Academy* (1878). Ebook #2448: - **Frederick Douglass** (with George L. Ruffin (intro.)), *Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History to the Present Time* (1881). Ebook #71893: - **Matthew A. Henson**, *A Negro Explorer at the North Pole* (1912). Ebook #20923: #### The Voices: the WPA interviews - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Florida Narratives* (1941). Ebook #12297: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Georgia Narratives, Part 1* (1941). Ebook #13602: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Kentucky Narratives* (1941). Ebook #11920: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Maryland Narratives* (1941). Ebook #11552: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Mississippi Narratives* (1941). Ebook #12055: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, Part 1* (1941). Ebook #22976: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, South Carolina Narratives, Part 1* (1941). Ebook #18912: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Tennessee Narratives* (1941). Ebook #19932: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Texas Narratives, Part 1* (1941). Ebook #30576: - **Federal Writers' Project**, *Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Virginia Narratives* (1941). Ebook #28973: #### The radical tradition - **Henry Highland Garnet**, *The Past and the Present Condition, and the Destiny, of the Colored Race: A Discourse Delivered at the Fifteenth Anniversary of the Female Benevolent Society of Troy, N.Y., Feb. 14, 1848* (1848). Ebook #58943: - **Frank A. Rollin**, *Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delany, Sub-Assistant Commissioner Bureau Relief of Refugees, Freedmen, and of Abandoned Lands, and Late Major 104th U.S. Colored Troops* (1868). Ebook #53698: - **Kelly Miller**, *A Review of Hoffman's Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro* (1897). Ebook #31279: - **Archibald H. Grimké**, *Right on the Scaffold, or The Martyrs of 1822* (1901). Ebook #31290: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *John Brown* (1909). Ebook #62799: - **W. E. B. Du Bois (ed.)**, *The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races, Volume One, Number One, November 1910* (1910). Ebook #71222: - **Hubert H. Harrison**, *The Negro and the Nation* (1917). Ebook #69835: - **Hubert H. Harrison**, *When Africa Awakes: The "Inside Story" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World* (1920). Ebook #69712: #### Speeches and essays - **David Walker** (with Henry Highland Garnet), *Walker's Appeal, with a Brief Sketch of His Life; and also Garnet's Address to the Slaves of the United States of America* (1829). Ebook #16516: - **Martin Robison Delany**, *The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States* (1852). Ebook #17154: - **Frederick Douglass**, *Collected Articles of Frederick Douglass* (1866). Ebook #99: - **Frederick Douglass**, *John Brown: An Address at the Fourteenth Anniversary of Storer College* (1881). Ebook #31839: - **Ida B. Wells**, *Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases* (1892). Ebook #14975: - **Ida B. Wells**, *The Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States* (1895). Ebook #14977: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *The Conservation of Races* (1897). Ebook #31254: - **Booker T. Washington**, *The Future of the American Negro* (1899). Ebook #26507: - **Ida B. Wells**, *Mob Rule in New Orleans: Robert Charles and His Fight to Death, the Story of His Life, Burning Human Beings Alive, Other Lynching Statistics* (1900). Ebook #14976: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *The Souls of Black Folk* (1903). Ebook #408: - **Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, et al.**, *The Negro Problem: A Series of Articles by Representative American Negroes of To-day* (1903). Ebook #15041: - **Alice Moore Dunbar (ed.)**, *Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence: The Best Speeches Delivered by the Negro from the Days of Slavery to the Present Time* (1914). Ebook #22240: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil* (1920). Ebook #15210: - **James Weldon Johnson**, *Self-Determining Haiti* (1920). Ebook #35025: #### Africa and the diaspora - **Aesop** (translated by George Fyler Townsend), *Aesop's Fables* (c. 560 BC). Ebook #21: - **Herodotus** (translated by G. C. Macaulay), *An Account of Egypt* (c. 430 BC). Ebook #2131: - **Aphra Behn** (edited by Montague Summers), *Oroonoko; or, The Royal Slave* (1688). Ebook #29854: - **James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw**, *A Narrative of the Most Remarkable Particulars in the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, an African Prince, as Related by Himself* (1772). Ebook #15042: - **Ignatius Sancho**, *Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African, to Which Are Prefixed Memoirs of His Life* (1782). Ebook #66908: - **C. F. Volney** (translated by Joel Barlow), *The Ruins; or, Meditation on the Revolutions of Empires, and the Law of Nature* (1791). Ebook #1397: - **Anonymous** (translated by Terrick Hamilton), *Antar, a Bedoueen Romance* (1819). Ebook #57857: - **Harriet Martineau**, *The Hour and the Man: An Historical Romance* (1841). Ebook #24120: - **Mohammed ibn Omar el-Tounsy** (translated by Bayle St. John), *Travels of an Arab Merchant in Soudan (the Black Kingdoms of Central Africa)* (1845). Ebook #70889: - **Charles Wyllys Elliott**, *St. Domingo, Its Revolution and Its Hero, Toussaint Louverture* (1855). Ebook #70281: - **David F. Dorr**, *A Colored Man Round the World* (1858). Ebook #55759: - **Martin Robison Delany**, *Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party* (1861). Ebook #22118: - **William Wells Brown**, *The Rising Son; or, The Antecedents and Advancement of the Colored Race* (1874). Ebook #64971: - **J. J. Thomas**, *Froudacity: West Indian Fables by James Anthony Froude, Explained by J. J. Thomas* (1889). Ebook #4068: - **W. M. Flinders Petrie (ed.)**, *Egyptian Tales, Translated from the Papyri: First Series, IVth to XIIth Dynasty* (1895). Ebook #7386: - **W. M. Flinders Petrie (ed.)**, *Egyptian Tales, Translated from the Papyri: Second Series, XVIIIth to XIXth Dynasty* (1895). Ebook #7413: - **T. G. Steward**, *How the Black St. Domingo Legion Saved the Patriot Army in the Siege of Savannah, 1779* (1899). Ebook #31256: - **George W. Bateman (trans.)**, *Zanzibar Tales, Told by Natives of the East Coast of Africa* (1901). Ebook #37472: - **Walter Jekyll (ed.)**, *Jamaican Song and Story: Annancy Stories, Digging Sings, Ring Tunes, and Dancing Tunes* (1907). Ebook #35410: - **James Morris Webb**, *The Black Man, the Father of Civilization, Proven by Biblical History* (1910). Ebook #39509: - **Sol T. Plaatje**, *Native Life in South Africa, Before and Since the European War and the Boer Rebellion* (1916). Ebook #1452: - **William H. Ferris**, *Alexander Crummell: An Apostle of Negro Culture* (1920). Ebook #31322: #### The historians - **William C. Nell** (edited by H. T. Kealing), *Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812* (1851). Ebook #59344: - **William Wells Brown**, *The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements* (1863). Ebook #64883: - **William Wells Brown**, *The Negro in the American Rebellion: His Heroism and His Fidelity* (1867). Ebook #50130: - **George Washington Williams**, *History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880, Volume 1* (1882). Ebook #15735: - **George Washington Williams**, *History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880, Volume 2* (1883). Ebook #21851: - **T. Thomas Fortune**, *Black and White: Land, Labor, and Politics in the South* (1884). Ebook #16810: - **Joseph T. Wilson**, *The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775-1812, 1861-65* (1887). Ebook #31339: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870* (1896). Ebook #17700: - **Charles W. Chesnutt**, *Frederick Douglass: A Biography* (1899). Ebook #10986: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *The Negro* (1915). Ebook #15359: - **Carter G. Woodson**, *The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861* (1915). Ebook #11089: - **Carter G. Woodson (ed.)**, *The Journal of Negro History, Volume 1, 1916* (1916). Ebook #13642: - **Benjamin Brawley**, *The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States* (1918). Ebook #35063: - **Carter G. Woodson**, *A Century of Negro Migration* (1918). Ebook #10968: - **Addie W. Hunton and Kathryn M. Johnson**, *Two Colored Women with the American Expeditionary Forces* (1920). Ebook #70223: - **Benjamin Brawley**, *A Social History of the American Negro* (1921). Ebook #12101: - **Carter G. Woodson**, *The History of the Negro Church* (1921). Ebook #38963: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America* (1924). Ebook #66398: #### Fiction - **William Wells Brown**, *Clotel; or, The President's Daughter* (1853). Ebook #2046: - **Harriet E. Wilson**, *Our Nig; or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black* (1859). Ebook #584: - **Frances E. W. Harper**, *Iola Leroy; or, Shadows Uplifted* (1892). Ebook #12352: - **Paul Laurence Dunbar**, *The Uncalled* (1898). Ebook #25171: - **Charles W. Chesnutt**, *The Conjure Woman* (1899). Ebook #11666: - **Charles W. Chesnutt**, *The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line, and Selected Essays* (1899). Ebook #11057: - **Sutton E. Griggs**, *Imperium in Imperio* (1899). Ebook #15454: - **Charles W. Chesnutt**, *The House Behind the Cedars* (1900). Ebook #472: - **Charles W. Chesnutt**, *The Marrow of Tradition* (1901). Ebook #11228: - **Paul Laurence Dunbar**, *The Sport of the Gods* (1902). Ebook #17854: - **Sutton E. Griggs**, *Unfettered: A Novel* (1902). Ebook #38830: - **Pauline E. Hopkins**, *Of One Blood; or, The Hidden Self* (1902). Ebook #69255: - **Pauline E. Hopkins**, *Winona: A Tale of Negro Life in the South and Southwest* (1902). Ebook #70087: - **Edward A. Johnson**, *Light Ahead for the Negro* (1904). Ebook #56972: - **Charles W. Chesnutt**, *The Colonel's Dream* (1905). Ebook #19746: - **Sutton E. Griggs**, *The Hindered Hand; or, The Reign of the Repressionist* (1905). Ebook #24577: - **W. E. B. Du Bois**, *The Quest of the Silver Fleece* (1911). Ebook #15265: - **James Weldon Johnson**, *The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man* (1912). Ebook #11012: - **Oscar Micheaux**, *The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer* (1913). Ebook #39237: - **Walter F. White**, *The Fire in the Flint* (1924). Ebook #69877: - **Wallace Thurman, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, et al.**, *Fire!! A Quarterly Devoted to the Younger Negro Artists, Volume One, Number One, November 1926* (1926). Ebook #71448: #### The poets - **Phillis Wheatley**, *Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral* (1773). Ebook #409: - **Frances E. W. Harper**, *Sketches of Southern Life* (1872). Ebook #69249: - **Paul Laurence Dunbar**, *The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar* (1913). Ebook #18338: - **James Weldon Johnson** (with Brander Matthews (intro.)), *Fifty Years and Other Poems* (1917). Ebook #17884: - **James Weldon Johnson (ed.)**, *The Book of American Negro Poetry* (1922). Ebook #11986: - **Claude McKay** (with Max Eastman (intro.)), *Harlem Shadows: The Poems of Claude McKay* (1922). Ebook #64989: - **Thomas W. Talley**, *Negro Folk Rhymes, Wise and Otherwise* (1922). Ebook #27195: #### Witnesses - **Lydia Maria Child**, *An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans* (1833). Ebook #28242: - **Harriet Beecher Stowe**, *Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly* (1852). Ebook #203: - **Frances Anne Kemble**, *Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838-1839* (1863). Ebook #12422: - **Thomas Wentworth Higginson**, *Army Life in a Black Regiment* (1869). Ebook #6764: ### Scripture and the spirit - **Anonymous** (translated by Swami Paramananda), *The Upanishads* (c. 700 BC). Ebook #3283: - **Lao-Tse** (translated by James Legge), *The Tao Teh King, or the Tao and Its Characteristics* (c. 400 BC). Ebook #216: - **Anonymous** (translated by F. Max Müller), *The Dhammapada: A Collection of Verses, Being One of the Canonical Books of the Buddhists* (c. 250 BC). Ebook #2017: - **Anonymous** (translated by Edwin Arnold), *The Song Celestial; or, Bhagavad-Gîtâ (from the Mahâbhârata)* (c. 200 BC). Ebook #2388: - **Omar Khayyám** (translated by Edward FitzGerald), *Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám* (1120). Ebook #246: - **Sa'di** (translated by James Ross), *The Gulistan* (1258). Ebook #13060: - **Jalálu'd-dín Rúmí** (edited by F. Hadland Davis), *The Persian Mystics: Jalálu'd-dín Rúmí* (1273). Ebook #45159: - **Thomas à Kempis** (translated by William Benham), *The Imitation of Christ* (1427). Ebook #1653: - **King James Version**, *The Apocrypha: The Deuterocanonical Books of the Bible, King James Version* (1611). Ebook #124: - **King James Version**, *The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments: The King James Version* (1611). Ebook #10: - **John Bunyan**, *The Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come* (1678). Ebook #131: - **Brother Lawrence**, *The Practice of the Presence of God, the Best Rule of a Holy Life* (1692). Ebook #13871: - **Jarena Lee**, *Religious Experience and Journal of Mrs. Jarena Lee, Giving an Account of Her Call to Preach the Gospel* (1849). Ebook #66953: - **J. M. Rodwell (trans.)** (with G. Margoliouth (intro.)), *The Koran (Al-Qur'an)* (1861). Ebook #2800: - **Charles Thompson**, *Biography of a Slave; Being the Experiences of Rev. Charles Thompson, a Preacher of the United Brethren Church, While a Slave in the South* (1875). Ebook #9941: - **Edwin Arnold**, *The Light of Asia* (1879). Ebook #8920: - **The Prophet Muhammad** (with Stanley Lane-Poole (ed. and trans.)), *The Speeches & Table-Talk of the Prophet Mohammad* (1882). Ebook #58426: - **E. A. Wallis Budge**, *Egyptian Ideas of the Future Life* (1899). Ebook #11277: - **Epiphanius Wilson (ed.)**, *Egyptian Literature, Comprising Egyptian Tales, Hymns, Litanies, Invocations, the Book of the Dead, and Cuneiform Writings* (1901). Ebook #28282: - **Silas Xavier Floyd**, *Life of Charles T. Walker, D.D. ("The Black Spurgeon"), Pastor Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, New York City* (1902). Ebook #65081: - **James Allen**, *As a Man Thinketh* (1903). Ebook #4507: - **Orishatukeh Faduma**, *The Defects of the Negro Church* (1904). Ebook #31261: - **P. Le Page Renouf and Édouard Naville (trans.)**, *The Egyptian Book of the Dead: Translation and Commentary* (1904). Ebook #69566: - **William E. Hatcher**, *John Jasper, the Unmatched Negro Philosopher and Preacher* (1908). Ebook #68205: - **Three Initiates**, *The Kybalion: A Study of the Hermetic Philosophy of Ancient Egypt and Greece* (1908). Ebook #14209: - **Howard W. Odum**, *Religious Folk-Songs of the Southern Negroes* (1909). Ebook #39078: - **E. A. Wallis Budge**, *Legends of the Gods: The Egyptian Texts, Edited with Translations* (1912). Ebook #9411: - **Rabindranath Tagore** (with W. B. Yeats (intro.)), *Gitanjali (Song Offerings)* (1912). Ebook #7164: - **Joseph I. Gorfinkle (trans.)**, *Pirke Avot: The Sayings of the Jewish Fathers* (1913). Ebook #8547: - **Francis J. Grimké**, *Gideon Bands, for Work within the Race and for Work without the Race: A Message to the Colored People of the United States* (1913). Ebook #49664: - **E. A. Wallis Budge**, *The Book of the Dead* (1920). Ebook #7145: - **Robert Athlyi Rogers**, *The Holy Piby: The Black Man's Bible* (1924). Ebook #61962: ### The great books #### The novel - **Apuleius** (translated by William Adlington), *The Golden Asse* (c. 170). Ebook #1666: - **Voltaire**, *Candide* (1759). Ebook #19942: - **Jane Austen**, *Pride and Prejudice* (1813). Ebook #1342: - **Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley**, *Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus* (1818). Ebook #84: - **Alexander Pushkin** (translated by T. Keane), *The Prose Tales of Alexander Pushkin* (1836). Ebook #55219: - **Alexandre Dumas**, *The Count of Monte Cristo* (1844). Ebook #1184: - **Alexandre Dumas**, *The Three Musketeers* (1844). Ebook #1257: - **Charlotte Brontë**, *Jane Eyre: An Autobiography* (1847). Ebook #1260: - **Emily Brontë**, *Wuthering Heights* (1847). Ebook #768: - **Alexandre Dumas fils**, *Camille (La Dame aux Camélias)* (1848). Ebook #1608: - **Herman Melville**, *Moby-Dick; or, The Whale* (1851). Ebook #2701: - **Herman Melville**, *The Piazza Tales* (1856). Ebook #15859: - **Gustave Flaubert** (translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling), *Madame Bovary* (1857). Ebook #2413: - **Charles Dickens**, *A Tale of Two Cities* (1859). Ebook #98: - **Charles Dickens**, *Great Expectations* (1861). Ebook #1400: - **Victor Hugo** (translated by Isabel F. Hapgood), *Les Misérables* (1862). Ebook #135: - **Fyodor Dostoevsky** (translated by Constance Garnett), *Notes from the Underground* (1864). Ebook #600: - **Fyodor Dostoevsky** (translated by Constance Garnett), *Crime and Punishment* (1866). Ebook #2554: - **Fyodor Dostoevsky** (translated by Eva Martin), *The Idiot* (1869). Ebook #2638: - **Leo Tolstoy** (translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude), *War and Peace* (1869). Ebook #2600: - **George Eliot**, *Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life* (1871). Ebook #145: - **Leo Tolstoy** (translated by Constance Garnett), *Anna Karenina* (1878). Ebook #1399: - **Fyodor Dostoevsky** (translated by Constance Garnett), *The Brothers Karamazov* (1880). Ebook #28054: - **Mark Twain**, *Adventures of Huckleberry Finn* (1884). Ebook #76: - **Leo Tolstoy**, *The Kreutzer Sonata and Other Stories* (1889). Ebook #689: - **Oscar Wilde**, *The Picture of Dorian Gray* (1890). Ebook #174: - **Mark Twain**, *The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson* (1894). Ebook #102: - **Joseph Conrad**, *Heart of Darkness* (1899). Ebook #219: - **James Joyce**, *Ulysses* (1922). Ebook #4300: #### Epic and drama - **Homer** (translated by Samuel Butler), *The Iliad* (c. 750 BC). Ebook #2199: - **Homer** (translated by Samuel Butler), *The Odyssey* (c. 725 BC). Ebook #1727: - **Sophocles** (translated by F. Storr), *Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone* (c. 429 BC). Ebook #31: - **Terence** (translated by George Colman), *The Comedies of Terence* (c. 160 BC). Ebook #22695: - **Virgil** (translated by John Dryden), *The Aeneid* (c. 19 BC). Ebook #228: - **Dante Alighieri** (translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow), *The Divine Comedy* (1320). Ebook #1004: - **William Shakespeare**, *The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet* (1597). Ebook #1513: - **William Shakespeare**, *Hamlet, Prince of Denmark* (1603). Ebook #1524: - **Miguel de Cervantes** (translated by John Ormsby), *The History of Don Quixote of La Mancha* (1605). Ebook #996: - **William Shakespeare**, *The Tragedy of King Lear* (1608). Ebook #1532: - **William Shakespeare**, *Othello, the Moor of Venice* (1622). Ebook #1531: - **William Shakespeare**, *The Tragedy of Julius Caesar* (1623). Ebook #1522: - **William Shakespeare**, *Macbeth* (1623). Ebook #1533: - **William Shakespeare**, *The Tempest* (1623). Ebook #1540: - **Johann Wolfgang von Goethe** (translated by Bayard Taylor), *Faust: A Tragedy* (1808). Ebook #14591: - **Walt Whitman**, *Leaves of Grass* (1855). Ebook #1322: #### Philosophy and politics - **Sun Tzu** (translated by Lionel Giles), *The Art of War* (c. 500 BC). Ebook #132: - **Confucius** (translated by James Legge), *The Analects of Confucius* (c. 475 BC). Ebook #3330: - **Plato** (translated by Henry Cary), *Apology, Crito and Phædo of Socrates* (c. 390 BC). Ebook #13726: - **Plato** (translated by Benjamin Jowett), *The Republic* (c. 375 BC). Ebook #1497: - **Aristotle** (translated by D. P. Chase), *The Ethics of Aristotle* (c. 340 BC). Ebook #8438: - **Epictetus** (translated by George Long), *A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus, with the Encheiridion* (c. 108). Ebook #10661: - **Marcus Aurelius** (translated by Meric Casaubon), *Meditations* (c. 180). Ebook #2680: - **Saint Augustine** (translated by E. B. Pusey), *The Confessions of Saint Augustine* (c. 400). Ebook #3296: - **Boethius** (translated by H. R. James), *The Consolation of Philosophy* (c. 524). Ebook #14328: - **Niccolò Machiavelli** (translated by W. K. Marriott), *The Prince* (1532). Ebook #1232: - **Michel de Montaigne** (translated by Charles Cotton; edited by William Carew Hazlitt), *Essays of Michel de Montaigne* (1580). Ebook #3600: - **Blaise Pascal** (translated by C. Kegan Paul), *The Thoughts of Blaise Pascal* (1670). Ebook #46921: - **Thomas Paine**, *Common Sense* (1776). Ebook #147: - **Adam Smith**, *An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations* (1776). Ebook #3300: - **Mary Wollstonecraft**, *A Vindication of the Rights of Woman* (1792). Ebook #3420: - **Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels** (translated by Samuel Moore), *Manifesto of the Communist Party* (1848). Ebook #61: - **Henry David Thoreau**, *Walden, and On the Duty of Civil Disobedience* (1854). Ebook #205: - **John Stuart Mill**, *On Liberty* (1859). Ebook #34901: - **John Stuart Mill**, *The Subjection of Women* (1869). Ebook #27083: - **Friedrich Nietzsche** (translated by Thomas Common), *Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None* (1883). Ebook #1998: - **Friedrich Nietzsche** (translated by Helen Zimmern), *Beyond Good and Evil* (1886). Ebook #4363: - **William James**, *The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature* (1902). Ebook #621: ### Useful knowledge and natural history #### Useful knowledge - **Izaak Walton**, *The Complete Angler; or, The Contemplative Man's Recreation* (1653). Ebook #9198: - **Benjamin Franklin** (edited by Frank Woodworth Pine), *Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin* (1791). Ebook #20203: - **Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin** (translated by Fayette Robinson), *The Physiology of Taste; or, Transcendental Gastronomy* (1825). Ebook #5434: - **Florence Nightingale**, *Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not* (1859). Ebook #17366: - **Samuel Smiles**, *Self-Help; with Illustrations of Conduct and Perseverance* (1859). Ebook #935: - **Isabella Beeton**, *The Book of Household Management* (1861). Ebook #10136: - **Booker T. Washington**, *Character Building: Being Addresses Delivered on Sunday Evenings to the Students of Tuskegee Institute* (1902). Ebook #60484: - **Booker T. Washington**, *Working with the Hands: Being a Sequel to "Up from Slavery," Covering the Author's Experiences in Industrial Training at Tuskegee* (1904). Ebook #64504: - **Booker T. Washington (ed.)**, *Tuskegee & Its People: Their Ideals and Achievements* (1905). Ebook #28087: - **Arnold Bennett**, *How to Live on Twenty-Four Hours a Day* (1908). Ebook #2274: - **Rufus Estes**, *Good Things to Eat, as Suggested by Rufus: A Collection of Practical Recipes for Preparing Meats, Game, Fowl, Fish, Puddings, Pastries, Etc.* (1911). Ebook #18435: - **F. H. King**, *Farmers of Forty Centuries; or, Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan* (1911). Ebook #5350: - **E. Azalia Hackley**, *The Colored Girl Beautiful* (1916). Ebook #31340: #### Natural history - **Gilbert White**, *The Natural History of Selborne* (1789). Ebook #1408: - **Charles Darwin**, *The Voyage of the Beagle* (1839). Ebook #944: - **Charles Darwin**, *On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection* (1859). Ebook #1228: - **Michael Faraday** (edited by William Crookes), *The Chemical History of a Candle: A Course of Lectures Delivered before a Juvenile Audience at the Royal Institution* (1861). Ebook #14474: - **Charles Darwin**, *The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex* (1871). Ebook #2300: - **Charles Darwin**, *The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on Their Habits* (1881). Ebook #2355: - **Charles Darwin** (edited by Francis Darwin), *The Autobiography of Charles Darwin* (1887). Ebook #2010: - **Henry E. Baker**, *The Colored Inventor: A Record of Fifty Years* (1913). Ebook #21281: Four of the Gutenberg texts print no date on their title page. For these the list gives the year of first publication: Craft (1860), Washington (1901), Hughes (1897) and Delaney (1891). ### How the texts were prepared - Gutenberg's header, footer and license were removed, as its license permits for public-domain texts. So were the e-text credits, the transcribers' notes about how each e-text was made, and a short biography of Douglass that the e-text of his *Narrative* adds. - Each book's title page is not shown, because the room displays the title and author itself. The books' own tables of contents and lists of illustrations were also dropped, because the reader builds its own. - `--` is set as an em dash (—). Line breaks inside paragraphs were joined. Page numbers in the e-text were removed. - Footnotes are kept as notes placed after the paragraph that refers to them. - Pictures are not reproduced. A few of the books' own captions are kept as notes. - Nothing else in the wording was changed. The spelling, punctuation and dialect are the authors' own. - Tables are set one row per line. Where the columns need marking, `|` stands between the cells and `—` in an empty one. - Where a transcriber wrote a printed symbol as a code, the symbol is used: ☞ and ☜ for the pointing hands (`[Hand->]`), ĕ and ŏ, Ɐ. - In the books added after the first 26, a chapter longer than 20,000 words is divided for the reader into parts of about 12,000 words, cut before a heading or a paragraph and marked "(1 of 3)" and so on. Among the chapters divided this way are Montaigne's *Apology for Raimond Sebond*, four chapters of *The Wealth of Nations* and six episodes of *Ulysses*; a few books of the second expansion are divided at their own breaks instead (the Bible at chapter starts, "Genesis 1–16"), as their notes below say. - In the first 26 narratives there are four small changes of layout: - In the Sojourner Truth e-text, five paragraphs break off in mid-sentence. They were joined again. - In Lunsford Lane's book, the poem "The Slave Mother's Address to Her Infant Child" is printed partly at the front and partly at the back of the e-text. Here it is joined into one piece at the end. - In Noah Davis's book, the Sabbath School table prints its column heads as vertical letters. Here it is set as rows, with `|` between the cells and `—` in the empty ones. - Publishers' advertisements at the back of Pennington's and Davis's books were left out. #### Book by book, for the 107 added later What each e-text lacks, and every change of layout beyond the rules above. *The narratives and the WPA interviews* - **Nat Turner.** The clerk's 1831 copyright certificate, which repeats the full title, is kept as the first chapter. The transcribers had moved two footnotes into the text; they are notes again, with markers [1] and [2]. - **Flipper.** The two-column course of study is set as rows. The book has no Chapter XVI; the numbering goes from XV to XVII, as printed. Chapter XVII's title comes from the book's contents. "[Tables omitted.]" is in the e-text itself. - **Seacole.** "Edited by W. J. S." follows the title page. - **Still.** The book's contents list is incomplete, so its sections were found by matching the contents against the headings in the text. Five sections that the contents leaves out are also chapters. Titles that repeat are numbered, e.g. "Arrival from Maryland (2)". One heading misprint, "Feom", is corrected from the contents. Dropped: six portrait-plate captions (with the pictures), the index, the press notices and the publisher's prospectus. The Thomas Shipley heading carries a note marker [A] whose note is not in the e-text; the marker is dropped. William Penn's price list, whose columns the e-text interleaves, is left as printed. - **The WPA volumes.** There is one chapter per interview, titled with the name from the volume's own index of informants. Where the interview itself spells a name differently, its spelling is used. Repeat interviews are marked (2) or (3). Interviewers' header lines are kept as printed. Removed: - the Library of Congress folio and stamp numbers; - the transcribers' bracketed notes that guess at a spelling or describe the e-text; - in Virginia, the notes recording the typist's misspellings (the corrected reading stays). Notes that record what is on the typescript page are kept: struck-out or illegible words, handwritten dates and word counts, and `[HW: …]`. Lists of informants and of illustrations, and the captions, are not reproduced. *Speeches and essays* - **Walker and Garnet.** The Appeal's own title page opens the Preamble. A stray second paragraph of note 28 is put back with its note. - **Collected Articles of Frederick Douglass.** Gutenberg's e-text (1994) holds two articles: "My Escape from Slavery" (*Century*, 1881) and "Reconstruction" (*Atlantic Monthly*, 1866). The list gives 1866. The compiler's citation lines are notes. - **Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence.** Each speech is a chapter, titled "Speaker — Title". "THE CIVIL RIGHTS' BELL", a misprint in the heading, is titled "The Civil Rights Bill", from the contents. The Dumas speech is also titled from the contents. "Ph[oe]nix" is the transcriber's spelling and is kept. The index is dropped. - **The Future of the American Negro.** The chapter summaries printed only on the contents page open their chapters as notes. - **The Negro Problem.** The transcriber's typo notes [A]–[D] are removed with their markers. Portrait captions are not reproduced. - **The Souls of Black Folk.** This e-text does not carry the bars of music that open each chapter. - **Wells.** In *The Red Record* the number of Chapter 4, missing from the e-text, comes from the contents, and three photograph captions are kept as notes. In *Mob Rule in New Orleans* the e-text's `+bold+` marks are removed. *The historians* - **Footnotes.** In Williams, Wilson, Du Bois, the *Journal*, Fortune and Woodson's *Migration*, each chapter's footnotes are moved after the paragraph that carries their marker. Nine of Woodson's notes have no marker in the printed text and stay where printed. - **Williams.** Each appendix to a chapter is its own chapter. Volume II's Chapter XII is split at its own heading, "The District of Columbia". The transcriber's codes [)e], [)o] and the inverted A are set as ĕ, ŏ and Ɐ. - **Du Bois, *Suppression*.** The bibliography (Appendix D) and the index are dropped. Appendix B is split at 1826. The e-text's `~bold~` marks are set as italics. - **Indexes and bibliographies.** The indexes are dropped. So are the long bibliographies of Woodson's *Migration* and *Education* and Brawley's *Social History*. Wilson's short bibliography, Du Bois's annotated reading list in *The Negro*, Brawley's "Study of Bibliography" and Chesnutt's bibliography are kept. - ***The Journal of Negro History*, 1916.** There is one chapter per article, document or review. Each issue's line opens its first article. Dropped: the issues' contents and publisher's boxes, three "_Not in Text_" placeholders and a stray HTML tag. The "[Image: Pointing Hand]" is set as ☞. - **Brawley, *The Negro in Literature and Art*.** The e-text is the revised edition of 1921. The list gives 1918, the year of the first edition. - **Chesnutt, *Frederick Douglass*.** This is the Dover edition's text; its three editor's notes are kept. *Fiction* - **Epigraphs.** A title-page epigraph is kept as a short first chapter (*Our Nig*, *The Marrow of Tradition*, *The Hindered Hand*). A chapter epigraph's attribution is joined to its verse. - ***Clotel*.** Gutenberg's e-text does not contain Brown's narrative of his own life; its contents list a memoir, but the text omits it. A stray blank line in the slaves' song of Chapter XVI is closed up. - ***Our Nig*.** The dedication to the Gates family comes from the 1983 edition the e-text was made from, not from Wilson, and is dropped. - **Chesnutt.** *The Conjure Woman* e-text adds three uncollected Julius stories and a 1901 essay, kept as appendix chapters. *The Wife of His Youth* e-text adds three essays, also kept, and its 2004 introduction by the e-text's producer is dropped. *The Colonel's Dream* numbers its chapters in words; here they are Chapter I to XXXIX. - **Reprint matter.** The reprint title pages, publishers' advertisements and series lists are dropped. So are *The Hindered Hand*'s illustration captions, which quote the text with page numbers. *The poets and the witnesses* - **Wheatley.** Poems with long printed headings have a shorter chapter title, with the full heading kept inside. The attestation's two columns of signers are set one after the other. Two lines broken by the page are joined. Two notes printed mid-paragraph are moved to the paragraph's end. - **Dunbar.** The 421 poems are grouped, within the book's own sections, into chapters of 8 to 15 poems, each titled ", and Other Poems". The "Musical score" markers are kept as notes. - **Johnson, *The Book of American Negro Poetry*.** There is one chapter per poet. The biographical index is kept as a chapter. - **Talley.** The transcriber's added heading "Part II" is dropped. The "[music]" placeholders are kept as notes. - ***Uncle Tom's Cabin*.** Gutenberg's e-text has no preface. It also adds modern editorial footnotes (Bible references, sources, dates), which are not in the 1852 book. They are dropped with their marks. Stowe's own three notes are kept. - **Child.** The Coleridge epigraph from the title page heads the Preface. - **Kemble.** The book does not number its letters; here they are Letters I to XXXI, divided at the printed rows of stars. *The great books* - **Hamlet** is taken from `1524.txt`, the 1998 e-text filed under the same ebook number (#1524). The newer file runs the verse into prose; this one keeps the lines. It abbreviates speakers' names ("Ham.") as printed. - **Shakespeare.** There is one chapter per scene. Speakers' names are printed as in the e-text. About twenty verse lines broken by the page are joined. - **Homer.** Gutenberg's *Iliad* (#2199) has no preface or notes. The *Odyssey* marks its 187 notes `{n}`; here they are [n], each after its paragraph. - **Dante.** Longfellow's "Six Sonnets on Dante's Divine Comedy" close the book. Dropped: the e-text editor's postscript and technical notes, and the Digital Dante credits. - **Don Quixote.** The second preface is titled "The Author's Preface to Part II". - **Leaves of Grass.** Gutenberg's e-text does not include "A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads". Lines that Whitman's typesetting turned over are joined, so each of his lines is one line. The indentation of refrains is not kept. - **Les Misérables.** Four songs printed in French and English side by side are set French stanza, then English. Two songs flattened beyond repair in the e-text are left as it has them. The picture placeholders are dropped. - ***Ulysses*.** The episodes are titled "Part I, Episode 1" and so on; Joyce printed no Homeric names. In 139 places where a song or letter runs into prose, it is set off so its lines keep their breaks. - ***Moby-Dick*, *Huckleberry Finn* and others.** Songs, a hymn and an ode that the e-texts run on as prose are set as verse, with the words checked against the source. - *Huckleberry Finn*'s "Notice" is missing from the UTF-8 e-text. It is taken word for word from the plain-text copy of the same ebook. - *Frankenstein* (#84) is the 1818 text, without its preface and without the 1831 introduction. - *The Picture of Dorian Gray*'s preface aphorisms, run together in the e-text, are set one to a paragraph, as in 1891. - **Montaigne.** The Gutenberg editor's bookmark lists, repeated title pages and his 20 notes signed "D.W." are removed. - ***The Descent of Man*.** About 1,180 notes printed inline are set as notes, with a marker [n] in the text. - **The Art of War.** The e-text marks paragraphs only by indentation, which is followed here. The transcriber's preface is dropped. One note whose marker is lost in the e-text is placed after the sentence it explains. - **Translators and editions.** *Meditations* (#2680) is Meric Casaubon's translation. *Thus Spake Zarathustra* carries Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche's introduction. *Notes from the Underground* names no translator; the text is Constance Garnett's. GITenberg's cover images are licensed CC BY-NC. They are not used. #### Book by book, for the books added in the second expansion What each e-text lacks, and every change of layout beyond the rules above. *The radical tradition* - **Garnet.** The letters asking for and granting publication were made a first chapter, "Correspondence", before the "Address". The population table was set as rows, with `|` between the cells, and the notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - **Rollin.** The book was published under the name "Frank A. Rollin"; its author is Frances Rollin. The e-text is the 1883 printing; the list gives 1868, the year of first publication. The appendix of Delany's writings was divided into chapters at its three italic sub-titles. Four tables were set as rows, with `|` between the cells and the column heads read top to bottom. The notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them, and notes of several paragraphs were kept whole. - **Kelly Miller.** Chapters I to VI were titled with the subject each names in its first line ("Chapter II — Vital Statistics"); that line stays in the text. The fourteen statistical tables were set as rows, with `|` between the cells and the column heads read top to bottom. The notes, printed together at the end, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - **Du Bois, *John Brown*.** The series list and the index were dropped. The chronology and the bibliography were kept, each entry joined into one line. The 293 notes, which the e-text gathers after the index, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - ***The Crisis*, No. 1.** The masthead and the contents box were dropped with the title page. The one advertisement printed before "Along the Color Line" was moved to the head of the issue's own advertising pages, "The Crisis Advertiser", which end the book, and advertisements printed in two columns were set one item per line. Each entry in "What to Read" was joined into one line. The e-text's bold (`=…=`) was set as italics. - **Harrison, *The Negro and the Nation*.** The author's note was set as a note. The e-text's bold (`=…=`, in twelve paragraphs) was set as italics. In two stanzas quoted from Lowell, lines the printer turned over were joined. - **Harrison, *When Africa Awakes*.** The title of each piece was set as a heading, together with the line naming where it first appeared ("From *The Voice* of July 4, 1917") when there is one. The closing poem, headed "The Black Man's Burden (A Reply to Rudyard Kipling)", was titled "Epilogue — The Black Man's Burden", from the contents. *Africa and the diaspora* - **Epigraphs.** A title-page epigraph was kept as a short first chapter (Gronniosaw, Volney, Elliott, Jekyll). - **Aesop.** Each fable was made a chapter. Small words in the titles were set in lower case, and where a title repeats (five times) the second fable is marked "(II)". The Life of Aesop and the Preface stay at the end, as in the e-text. Townsend's Life places Aesop in Phrygia, Thrace and Samos, not Africa, and the blurb does not call him African. - **Herodotus.** The e-text is Book II (Euterpe), in Macaulay's translation. It has no chapters, so it was divided into four parts at section breaks in the e-text ("Euterpe (1 of 4)"). The introductory "Note" of 1910 is kept. - **Behn.** The e-text is volume V of Montague Summers's edition of Behn's *Works* (1915). Only *Oroonoko* was taken from it, with Summers's introduction, the Epistle Dedicatory and his notes. The epistle stands before the novel, where the e-text's producer moved it. The novel (29,000 words) was divided in two at Oroonoko's sale in Surinam. A transcriber's cross-reference to volume I was dropped. - **Sancho.** Each letter was made a chapter, titled with its address line, which is sometimes printed after the place and date; a note mark printed in an address line was moved to the head of its letter. Two letters are numbered LXVIII, as printed; their addressees differ. The e-text's `+…+` marks for small capitals were removed. - **Volney.** The e-text is the New York edition of 1890, whose title page names no translator; the list names Joel Barlow, as the advertisement of the American edition does. The chapters of *The Law of Nature* were titled "The Law of Nature, Chapter I — …" and so on. Chapter XXII (about 23,600 words) was divided in two at its fifth numbered section. Notes of several paragraphs, whose later paragraphs are printed indented, were kept whole. - **Antar.** The e-text has only the first volume of Hamilton's translation. The romance is undated; the list gives 1819, the year of the translation, and "Anonymous" as its author. - **Martineau.** Note 1 to Chapter X, several paragraphs long and taken from a later edition, was kept. The biographical sketch from Chambers's that the e-text's producer added was dropped. - **El-Tounsy.** The chapters were titled "Part I, Chapter I" and so on, and each part's heading opens its first chapter. - **Elliott.** The section names in the e-text's contents were made by its transcriber, so the chapters are titled only by number. Note 20, a verse translation set below a bare number, was joined to its number. - **Delany.** The e-text was made from the *Classics in Black Studies* reprint of 2004; that series' editorial-board page was dropped. Delany's run-in subheads were set as headings. In the printed text the markers [3] and [5] are swapped: the passage on temperature carries [5], the passage on Monrovia [3]. The notes follow the markers by number, uncorrected. - **Brown, *The Rising Son*.** The 57 sketches of "Representative Men and Women" in Chapter L were made a chapter each, titled with the name. - ***Froudacity*.** The e-text's producer joined the short chapter "Trinidad" to "Reform in Trinidad", because the book does not show where one ends; the chapter keeps the e-text's title, "Book II — Trinidad / Trinidad and Reform". The producer's three notes (on that, on his transliteration of the Greek, and a translation of a Latin tag) were dropped with their marks. Thomas's own notes are kept. - **Petrie.** In both series, the dynasty and scene lines printed over the tales ("IXTH DYNASTY", "THE FLIGHT") were kept as headings; they may be the captions of plates. - **Bateman.** Each tale was titled with its number, as "I. The Monkey, the Shark, and the Washerman's Donkey". - **Jekyll.** Each story was made a chapter, titled as in the contents. The songs are grouped by part, with a heading for each song that joins its printed number to its title from the contents ("LII. Oh hurrah, boys!"). The tunes are not reproduced: the "[Music: …]" wrapper around each song was removed, leaving its words as verse, and bare labels such as "[Music: E2]" were dropped. The e-text's bold (`=…=`) was set as italics, so the glossary's headwords show in italics. - **Webb.** The captions of the portraits of Henry O. Tanner and P. Ka Isaka Seme serve as the titles of the pieces on them, and the tagline of Bishop Turner's caption was kept under his title; the other portrait captions were dropped. Seme's oration "The Regeneration of Africa" is included, as printed. - **Plaatje.** Two modern additions in the e-text were dropped: Neil Parsons's introduction of 1998 and the producer's foreword. So were the e-text's "==" marks around quoted documents, the "--" lines around notes, and the press notices and advertisements. Chapters X, XV and XXI keep the e-text's double titles ("The Kimberley Congress / The Kimberley Conference"). The e-text gives italics as capitals, and they appear so here. *The narratives* - **Douglass, *Life and Times*.** The e-text is the first edition (Hartford, 1881), in its 1882 printing; it does not have the third part that Douglass added in 1892. The book's two parts number their chapters afresh, so the chapters were titled "Part I, Chapter I — Author's Birth" and so on; each part's title opens its first chapter, and the synopsis printed under each chapter title was set as a heading. Douglass's five notes, printed indented in the text, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them and kept whole. *The historians* - **Nell.** The e-text is H. T. Kealing's reprint of 1902, with Kealing's statement, Wendell Phillips's introduction and Kealing's bibliography. The list gives 1851, the year of Nell's *Services of Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812*, which Kealing reprinted. Each state and each closing piece was made a chapter, and the book's running title heads the first. The notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - **Brown, *The Black Man*.** The e-text is the second edition (1863). The Memoir of the Author, the essay on the race's antecedents and each of the 57 sketches were made a chapter, and the part title heads the first sketch. The publisher's "Opinions of the Press" and book list were dropped. - **Brown, *The Negro in the American Rebellion*.** The e-text prints each line of verse as a paragraph; the blank lines between them were dropped, so the poems are set as verse, with stanza numbers kept apart. Chapter XXVI's heading, misprinted "HE NORTHERN WING OF THE REBELLION", was corrected. - **Hunton and Johnson.** The ruled box around the dedication was dropped. The contents marks which author wrote each chapter; that byline, in the words of the contents' key ("By Addie W. Hunton."), opens each chapter as a note. The "Notes and Explanations" were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. Georgia Douglas Johnson's poem, one line to a paragraph in the e-text, was joined into verse. The e-text's bold (`=…=`) was set as italics. - **Du Bois, *The Gift of Black Folk*.** Thirteen tables (immigration and census figures, the 1778 return of Negro soldiers and others) were set as rows, with `|` between the cells and the column heads read top to bottom. The "=====" rule lines and the index were dropped. The notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. *Fiction and poetry* - **Hopkins.** Both novels were first published as serials in *The Colored American Magazine*: *Winona* in 1902, *Of One Blood* in 1902–1903. - **Griggs, *Unfettered*.** The book prints after the novel its sequel, *Dorlan's Plan*, the hero's essay on the race problem; its foreword and the plan were made two chapters, with the plan's 25 sections as headings. - **Johnson, *Light Ahead for the Negro*.** The notes, some several paragraphs long and quoting newspapers, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them and kept whole. One table was set as rows, with `|` between the cells. - **Micheaux.** The book was published anonymously, "By the Pioneer"; the list names Micheaux. - ***Fire!!*.** Each piece was made a chapter titled "Author — Title", with the authors named as in the contents ("Richard Bruce" is Richard Bruce Nugent). The play *Color Struck* is one chapter, its scenes headings, and the poetry section, "Flame from the Dark Tower", is one chapter. The masthead and the contents were dropped with the title page, and so were the page of drawings (pictures only) and the printer's line. The advertisements for *New Masses* (printed before the Foreword) and *Opportunity* (at the end) were gathered in a last chapter, "Advertisements", without the blank lines of the order form. The e-text's bold (`=…=`) was set as italics. - **Harper.** The e-text is the enlarged edition of 1891; the list gives 1872, the year of the first. The six Aunt Chloe poems, under the book's own heading "Sketches of Southern Life", were made one chapter, each poem a heading; each later poem, and the prose allegory "Shalmanezer, Prince of Cosman", was made a chapter. - **Johnson, *Fifty Years*.** Each poem was made a chapter; the sequence "Down by the Carib Sea" is one chapter, its six parts headings. The section title "Jingles & Croons" heads the first poem of the section. - **McKay.** Each poem was made a chapter. The unheaded note on the poems' first printings opens the book, titled "Acknowledgment". The half-title "Harlem Shadows" was dropped; the poem of that name is kept. *Scripture and the spirit* - **The Bible.** Each book of the Bible was made a chapter, with a short title ("Genesis", "1 Samuel"); the printed heading of each book is its first heading. A book longer than about 18,000 words was divided where a Bible chapter begins, the parts titled by their chapters ("Genesis 1–16"), and the Psalms at their five traditional books (1–41, 42–72, 73–89, 90–106, 107–150). Verse numbers stay as printed ("1:1"), and so does the e-text's paragraphing, which runs some verses together. "The Old Testament…" heads Genesis; "The New Testament…", which the e-text prints at the end of Malachi under a divider, was moved to head Matthew, and the divider was dropped. The two- and three-line headings of Samuel, Kings and Ecclesiastes were joined. "Saint John the Devine" is kept as printed. - **The Apocrypha.** The e-text is the King James Apocrypha as encoded at the Center for Computer Analysis of Texts (CCAT) of the University of Pennsylvania. CCAT's book abbreviation was dropped from every verse reference ("1 Esdr 1:1" became "1:1"). The books stay in the e-text's order, titled with their traditional King James names; the titles that Gutenberg and the encoder, Robert Kraft, added are kept as headings. The two bracketed titles in the prologue to Ecclesiasticus were set apart as headings, and long books were divided where a chapter begins ("2 Esdras 1–8"). - **The Koran.** The e-text holds G. Margoliouth's introduction, the dedication and Rodwell's preface, then the 114 suras in Rodwell's chronological order. Each sura was titled with its traditional number ("Sura XCVI — Thick Blood, or Clots of Blood"), and its printed header, with Rodwell's own number ("[I.]"), is kept as a heading. The e-text marks notes with numbers run onto words ("RECITE3"); these were set as [3], and the 1,298 notes were placed after the verse that cites them. Five notes that have no marker in the e-text (Sura III, notes 24, 28, 30 and 35; Sura IV, note 29) stay at the end of their suras, and notes that the e-text runs together were separated. The e-text mixes two character sets: its quotation marks and accented letters (æ, é, ë, ï, î, ö) were restored, and the codes `r\oc\le`, `Tr\du\ubner` and `Qur\da\an` set as rôle, Trübner and Qurān. In a note to Sura LIII, the two quoted "Satanic verses" were joined into one paragraph. The opening note "MOHAMMED was born at Mecca…" was moved to the head of the introduction, and the index was dropped. The e-text's single hyphens used as dashes ("created;-") are kept. - **Lane-Poole.** The epigraph, the Throne Verse, was moved to the head of the Introduction. The analytical contents, the index of suras and the publisher's list were dropped. The two-line section heads were joined, giving chapters such as "The Speeches at Mekka, II — The Rhetorical Period". In the passages from the Koran, verse lines turned over onto the next line were joined. - ***Pirke Avot*.** This is Gorfinkle's full edition of 1913, with his introduction and notes; Gutenberg's #8548 is an abridgement. The notes keep their printed labels ("(4)") and stand after their paragraphs. The transcriber copied the sentences "All Israel…" and "Rabbi Chanania…" to the start and end of every chapter, as the book directs; the copies are kept. A bracketed transcriber's note and the page index were dropped. Hebrew is given in the e-text's bracketed transliterations, without the accents the e-text lost. - **Renouf and Naville.** Each chapter of the Book of the Dead was made a chapter, and combined chapters are titled as printed ("Chapters CXLI to CXLIII"). Chapter CXXV's notes, printed after its plates, were made a chapter, "Chapter CXXV, Notes". The captions of the 62 plates, which are not reproduced, were dropped with their running heads. The e-text shows hieroglyphs as ⁂; the transcriber's sentence saying so was kept as a note at the head of the Introduction. In Chapter XV the turned-over lines of the litany were joined. - **Budge, *The Book of the Dead*.** The e-text (#7145) is Budge's British Museum introduction of 1920, with translated extracts, not a full translation. The full text is in Renouf and Naville, and Budge's own translation is in Wilson's anthology. - **Budge, *Egyptian Ideas of the Future Life*.** The notes printed inside the text ("[Footnote: …]") were set after their paragraphs, with a marker [n] left in place; the Juvenal note, printed as a paragraph of its own, is marked at the end of the paragraph before it. Picture captions printed mid-paragraph were dropped. "[=a]" and "[=A]" were set as ā and Ā. Dialogue printed with a hanging indent was set as prose. - **Budge, *Legends of the Gods*.** The markers "[FN#n]" were set as [n], and words divided at line ends inside the notes were joined. Sections I–IX of the Introduction and the five chapters of "The Destruction of Mankind" were made chapters. The plate captions and running heads were dropped. The editor's note that "####" stands for hieroglyphs was kept as a note at the head of the Preface. - **Wilson, *Egyptian Literature*.** The anthology's Book of the Dead is in Budge's translation, mostly from the Papyrus of Nu and the Papyrus of Ani. The 686 endnotes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them; the markers stay as printed ("(12)"), and the notes read "[12]". In 41 notes, italics garbled in the e-text ("_ 1 I.e._") were repaired ("_I.e._"). The Book of the Dead (55,000 words) was divided into five parts, with the title of each piece kept as a heading. Section titles and translators' credits (Egyptian Tales, the Tell Amarna Tablets, the Cuneiform Inscriptions) were moved to the head of each section's first piece. - **Jarena Lee.** The long journal section was divided into four parts. - **Thompson.** The synopsis printed with each chapter title was set as a heading. - **Floyd.** The chapter synopses, printed only in the contents, were copied to the head of each chapter as its first heading. - **Odum.** The third section was divided into two parts, and a repeated byline was dropped. - **Rogers.** Each of the four Books of Athlyi was made one chapter, with its chapter heads and side-heads as headings. - **Francis J. Grimké.** The title-page epigraphs were moved to the head of the sermon. - ***The Upanishads*.** The e-text is the first of Paramananda's volumes (Boston, 1919): the Isa-, Katha- and Kena-Upanishads. Each Upanishad's name is printed twice, over the translator's foreword and over the text; the second was set as a heading, as were the peace chants, parts and verse numbers. All of it is set as prose. - ***The Tao Teh King*.** The e-text, Legge's translation (*Sacred Books of the East*, vol. 39, 1891), runs the 81 chapters on; each was made a chapter, its number moved from its first paragraph into the title. Legge's section numbers standing alone were set as headings, and so were "PART 1." and "PART II." in Chapters 1 and 38. - ***The Dhammapada*.** The e-text has the verses only; its note says Müller's introduction, notes and index were left out. - ***The Bhagavad-Gita*.** The chapter names come from the book's contents, and the speakers' names ("Krishna.") were set as headings. Arnold's 37 notes, printed at the end, were placed after the lines that cite them, with the markers "[FN#n]" shown as [n]; two misprinted markers were corrected (a second "[FN#14]" to 15, and "[FN#l6]" to 16). - ***The Rubáiyát*.** The e-text has FitzGerald's Introduction, with its addition from the third edition, the poem in its first edition (1859) and in its fifth (1889), and his Notes. The Introduction's notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them, and the quatrain numbers were set as headings. Of the e-text's two placeholders for Greek in the Notes, "[Greek text deleted from etext.]", on a line of its own, was dropped, and "[Greek phrase deleted from etext]", inside a sentence, is shown as "[Greek]". - ***The Gulistan*.** This is Ross's translation (1823) as reprinted, with an introduction signed "E.W.", in the second volume of the anthology *Persian Literature* (revised edition, 1900). The story numbers were set as headings. - **Rúmí.** The e-text is F. Hadland Davis's volume in the Wisdom of the East series (1907; this printing 1920), with selections from the Divan in R. A. Nicholson's and W. Hastie's translations and from the Masnavi in E. H. Whinfield's. The series editors' note was kept as a chapter of its own, and the dedication and the motto under it were set as one block. Davis's notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - ***The Imitation of Christ*.** The e-text is Benham's translation, with the unsigned Introductory Note printed before it. The Book was added to each chapter title ("Book I, Chapter I — …"), and each Book's own title is a heading in its first chapter; chapter names keep their printed sentence case. The scripture references printed after each chapter ("(1) John viii. 12.") were split into notes placed after the paragraphs that cite them. Book IV's opening exhortation was made a chapter of its own. - ***The Pilgrim's Progress*.** The e-text has Part One only, with the Author's Apology and the closing verse Conclusion. The dream runs on without divisions; for reading it was divided into eight chapters at paragraph breaks where the pilgrims reach a new place, each titled with Bunyan's own name for the place (The City of Destruction, The House of the Interpreter, The Valley of Humiliation, Vanity Fair, Doubting Castle, The Delectable Mountains, The Enchanted Ground, The Country of Beulah). These titles are editorial. The e-text's section numbers ("{10}") and its tag "{footnote from one edition}" were removed. Bunyan's marginal notes ("Christian's choice") were set as notes. - **Brother Lawrence.** The e-text is the Fleming H. Revell edition of the anonymous English translation; Gutenberg's other text (#5657) is a re-edited version of 2002 and was not used. The headings "Conversations" and "Letters" open the first of each, and the four notes printed at the end were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - ***The Light of Asia*.** The e-text has the dedication but not the preface. The poem is set as verse throughout. - **Allen.** The verse motto on the title page was kept as an "Epigraph" chapter. The address after the Foreword's signature, printed one line to a block, was set as one block. - ***The Kybalion*.** The e-text is the Yogi Publication Society edition (copyright 1912; first published 1908). The lines of the dedication, printed as several short blocks, were set as one, and the numbered Principles of Chapter II were set as headings. - ***Gitanjali*.** The e-text has Tagore's own prose translations, with Yeats's introduction. It drops the numbers of the poems and separates the 103 poems by double blank lines; the numbers were restored as headings (No. 35 is "Where the mind is without fear"). The dedication "to William Rothenstein", which the e-text runs on after the title page, was made a chapter of its own. *The great books* - **Apuleius.** The e-text is the 1639 text of Adlington's translation (first published 1566), in its original spelling; the list keeps its title, *The Golden Asse*. The chapters, numbered straight through, were titled with their Book ("Book I, Chapter 1"), and Adlington's chapter summaries were set as headings. The heading "The Marriage of Cupid and Psyches" stands where Book V would, so that chapter is "Chapter 22 — The Marriage of Cupid and Psyches". - ***Candide*.** The e-text is the Modern Library edition (1918), which names no translator, with Philip Littell's introduction. The 35 notes, printed at the end, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them; their numbers, and the page reference "P. 90." in note 20, are the transcriber's. Note 34's marker is in the heading of Chapter XXVI, so the note opens that chapter. - **Pushkin.** The e-text is Keane's translation (1894), in Bell's reprint of 1916; the list gives 1836, the year of *The Captain's Daughter*. The chapters were titled with their tale ("The Shot, Chapter I"), those of *The Captain's Daughter* also with their own names. The translator's note on "Peter the Great's Negro", whose marker is in the tale's title, was placed at the head of its Chapter I. Pushkin left that tale unfinished; its Chapter VII is one paragraph. - ***The Three Musketeers*.** The e-text names no translator. The translator's notes were kept where the e-text prints them. A line that runs two speakers' replies together ("PARDIEU!" and "Ah, that is true") was split into two paragraphs. The title of Chapter 7 keeps its asterisk ("The Interior* of the Musketeers"), because the note refers to it. - ***Camille*.** The e-text names no translator, and its title misprints *Camélias* as "Camilias"; the list corrects it. - ***The Piazza Tales*.** Each sketch of "The Encantadas" was made a chapter. "Benito Cereno" (32,000 words, without divisions) was divided into three parts: the narrative in two, cut at "To change the scene", then the deposition and what follows it. - ***Madame Bovary*.** The e-text has the dedication to Senard but not the one to Louis Bouilhet. - **Tolstoy.** The e-text names no translator. Gutenberg credits Benjamin R. Tucker, but the preface implies that the translator is a native of Russia, so the list names none. Dropped: the publisher's advertisement for *Kreutzer Sonata Bearing Fruit*, a sequel by another author; a "Copyright, 1891" line; and "THE END". Tolstoy's "Lesson of *The Kreutzer Sonata*" is kept as a chapter, and the subtitle of "Polikushka" is a heading in its Chapter I. - ***Pudd'nhead Wilson*.** The e-text is the Hartford edition of 1894. Its chapter titles, which its transcriber says were not part of Twain's book and come from another version, were dropped, so the chapters are numbered only. The transcriber's long notes at the end were dropped. - ***Heart of Darkness*.** Gutenberg has two differing e-texts of the story; this is #219. Its three sections were titled Part I, Part II and Part III. The blurb names Chinua Achebe's critique of 1975. - **Sophocles.** Storr's translation is from the Loeb Classical Library (1912). Each play has an Argument chapter, a Dramatis Personae chapter and one chapter for its whole text, since the plays have no scene divisions and run 12,000 to 18,000 words. The Loeb credit page of each play was dropped. Stage directions ("[Enter …]") were set as prose between the speeches, and the starred lines that mark lost Greek text are kept. - **Terence.** The e-text is Harper's reprint (1896) of Colman's verse translation; where Harper's text was clearly wrong, the transcriber substituted the reading of Colman's second edition (1768). The transcriber's 95 blocks of variant readings ("[Changes: …]", "[Erratum: …]") at the ends of scenes were dropped. Each act was made a chapter ("The Andrian, Act I"), with its scenes, often a few speeches long, as headings; each play's persons and prologue are chapters of their own, and each speech is a speaker heading followed by verse. The transcriber's six stage directions in braces ("{_CLINIA and SYRUS apart._}"), which stand for passages printed side by side, are kept. Colman's epigraph from Horace was kept as a short chapter. As printed, "PROLOGUE." appears among the persons. - ***Romeo and Juliet* and *Julius Caesar*.** These were set like the other Shakespeare plays: one chapter per scene, with speakers' names as printed. A prologue spoken before a scene was made a chapter of its own ("The Prologue", "Act II, Prologue"). A one-line speech is set as verse or as prose to match the speeches around it, so short prose exchanges are not always set consistently. - ***Faust*.** The e-text has Part One only. This edition, illustrated by Harry Clarke, prints its section titles only as picture captions ("[Illustration: =Dedication=]"); these were made the chapter titles. The scenes were named from the book's contents ("Scene III — The Study (The Exorcism)"), with their printed titles kept as headings. All the speech is verse, except the prose scene "Dreary Day". In Taylor's preface, the notes A to K, which the e-text already sets after their paragraphs, were set as notes, each with the quotations it contains; note I is labelled "I:" in the e-text. Taylor's German poem "An Goethe" is kept. - **Confucius.** The translation is from Legge's *Chinese Classics*, vol. 1 (1861), without his notes. The e-text keeps the printed page breaks as blank lines, which fall inside paragraphs, so a paragraph was taken to begin only at an indented line or a "CHAP." or "BOOK" line; two words divided across a page keep their hyphen ("adminis-trative"). Each Book was made a chapter, titled with its Chinese name ("Book I — Hsio R"). - **Plato, *Apology, Crito and Phædo*.** Note 33's marker is misprinted as a second "[32]"; notes 32 and 33 were placed after their paragraphs by hand, and the text is unchanged. The Phædo (30,000 words) was divided into three parts at its sections 61 and 102. - **Aristotle.** The e-text is Chase's translation in the Everyman edition, with J. A. Smith's introduction, from a later printing: its bibliography after the introduction lists works up to 1933, so it was left out; Smith's 1911 introduction and Chase's translation are kept. Each Book was made a chapter; the chapter numerals standing alone were set as headings, and the "[Sidenote: …]" markers (chapter numbers and Bekker pages) are kept in the text. Chase's appendix after Book VI and his Notes, keyed to pages, are chapters of their own. One diagram caption was dropped. - **Epictetus.** The e-text is a selection from Long's translation (1877), with his biographical note. Each discourse opens with its title in capitals run into the first paragraph; the title was made the chapter title. A note on one title was placed at the head of its chapter. The heading "A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus" heads the first discourse, and the numbered sections of the Encheiridion are headings. - **Boethius.** The e-text is H. R. James's translation (1897). The title-page mottoes (from Aristotle's *Ethics* in Greek, transliterated in the e-text, and two sentences of Boethius in Latin) were kept as an "Epigraphs" chapter; the frontispiece caption and the index of verse interludes were dropped. Each Book was made a chapter. Note [L], printed as a bare "[L]" and three short paragraphs, was made one note. The References to Quotations are kept, with the page numbers of 1897. - **Pascal.** Kegan Paul's translation (1885) of Molinier's text and arrangement was used, because Gutenberg's text of Trotter's translation (#18269) is a 1958 printing with T. S. Eliot's introduction of 1931. Molinier's section titles are the chapters, and the titles of the two Parts are headings. The repeated half-titles and the index were dropped. The Notes, keyed to the pages of the 1885 edition, are kept as printed. - **Paine.** The e-text is the Bradford edition of February 1776, with the Appendix and the address to the Quakers. The title-page epigraph, from Thomson, was kept as a short chapter. Dropped: the transcriber's quotations "On Common Sense", the transcriber's notes, and the gloss "[pounds sterling]" after £ in the two tables of the cost of a navy. Those tables are set one row per line, without column marks. - **Mill, *On Liberty*.** The e-text is the Walter Scott edition of 1901, with W. L. Courtney's introduction, whose sections I–III are headings. The Humboldt epigraph was kept as a short chapter. The notes, printed in "Footnotes" sections, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them, with note 6's second paragraph kept with it. - **William James.** The e-text is the Gifford Lectures as published in 1902, in a printing of 1917. The 363 notes, printed at the end, were placed after the paragraphs (or verse) that cite them; their markers stay as printed ("(1)"), and the notes are numbered "[1]". The rules of hyphens are section breaks. Lectures XI–XIII (Saintliness), printed as one chapter of 24,000 words, were divided in two at a section break, the second part titled "(Continued)". The appendix to Lectures IV and V stays where it is printed. The index was dropped. *Useful knowledge and natural history* - **Walton.** The e-text is the facsimile reprint (1897) of the first edition of 1653, with Richard Le Gallienne's preface. The 1653 title page and the box drawn around the speakers' names were dropped. Chapter I has no heading in the book and was titled "Chapter I". - **Franklin.** The e-text is Frank Woodworth Pine's edition of 1916; the chapter titles, notes, bibliography and appendix are his. The facsimile of two *Poor Richard* almanac pages, the Father Abraham title page and the transcriber's transcriptions of newspaper pages were dropped as pictures. The chart of the virtues and the scheme of the day were set as rows, with `|` between the cells, and the chart's own heading rows, which repeat the three lines above it, were folded into those lines. Pine's notes, printed indented, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - **Brillat-Savarin.** The e-text is Fayette Robinson's translation, which leaves out three meditations, a chapter and a few passages; his notes saying so are kept. The 39 notes printed inside the text ("[Footnote: …]") were taken out of their sentences and set after the paragraph as [n], with a marker left in place; two notes printed on a meditation's title open that chapter instead. "Meditation First" was numbered "Meditation I", and the sections of the second part were titled "Part Second — Transition" and "Part Second — Varieties". - **Smiles.** The e-text is the popular edition of 1897. The note markers `{n}` were set as [n], with the notes after their paragraphs. Chapter III's misprinted heading, "HE GREAT POTTERS", takes the wording of the contents, "Three Great Potters". The title-page mottoes were made an "Epigraphs" chapter. - **Nightingale.** The e-text is the first edition, published by Harrison, not the reprint of 1898. Each sidenote ("[Sidenote: …]") was set as a heading, or, inside a note, as the note's first line. The endnotes, some several paragraphs long, were placed after the paragraphs that cite them, and a transcriber's bracketed guess inside note [3] was removed. Tables A and B were set as rows, with `|` between the cells and their column heads read downward. The publisher's advertisements were dropped. - **Beeton.** The epigraph from Milton was kept as a short first chapter. The analytical index, the contents and 567 illustration markers were dropped. Chapter titles come from the book's General Contents; where it calls a chapter only "Recipes", the subject was added in brackets ("Chapter XIII — Recipes (Beef)"). A heading that repeats its chapter's title was dropped. Eight chapters over 20,000 words were divided into parts ("(1 of 3)" and so on): seven recipe chapters, each cut before a recipe, and "Domestic Servants". The tables, among them bills of fare and table plans, were set as rows, with `|` between the cells; some table heads are divided into cells only approximately. A few recipe titles that run straight into an unnumbered paragraph are left as plain paragraphs. - **Washington, *Character Building*.** The note on the title "Education That Educates" opens that chapter. - **Washington, *Working with the Hands*.** The documents printed in the text (a contract, menus, a programme, a pledge and a report form) are kept. The photograph captions were dropped, among them that of a planting plan in Chapter XII, which is a picture. - **Washington (ed.), *Tuskegee & Its People*.** The chapters were titled "Part I, Chapter I — …" and so on; each part's heading opens its first chapter, and the "BY …" lines are kept as headings. - **Estes.** Each recipe name, which the e-text runs into its recipe (`~ASPARAGUS SOUP~--`), was set as a heading, with the recipe as a paragraph after it (594 recipes); one name with a qualifier outside the marks, `~VEGETABLE SOUP~ (without stock)`, was made one heading. The blank "Additional Recipes" pages and the index were dropped. - **King.** The tables were set as rows, with `|` between the cells; some table heads are divided into cells only approximately. The figures the text cites are not in the e-text. - **Hackley.** The chapter heading "Her Relationship With Men" was set as "Her Relationship with Men". - **White.** The e-text (#1408) has the letters only, without *The Antiquities of Selborne*. White's notes, run into the text as "(* …)", were set as notes. The misprint "T Thomas Pennant" was corrected to "To", and two letter headings split in the e-text were joined. The letters were titled "To Thomas Pennant — Letter I", "To Daines Barrington — Letter I" and so on. The five poems at the front of the e-text were made a chapter, "Poems". - **Faraday.** The misprinted marker [14] in Lecture V was corrected to [16], the note it belongs to. The e-text's two small diagrams drawn in characters (of water, and of sugar with a bracket) were set as short rows. The editor's notes were placed after the paragraphs that cite them. - **Darwin, *The Formation of Vegetable Mould*.** The note markers `{n}` and `{4a}` were set as [n]. The five tables were set one row per entry, with `|` between the cells. The figure captions are kept as notes ("Illustration: …"), because the text cites the figures. - **Darwin, *Autobiography*.** This is the text Francis Darwin printed in *The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin* (1887), which leaves out passages restored in 1958. His section headings were used as chapter titles, and the untitled first section was titled "Recollections of the Development of My Mind and Character", the autobiography's own heading. ## The room - **The epigraph** on the title screen is from Douglass's *Narrative*, Chapter VI, checked against the text in `books/douglass-narrative.json`: "From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom." - **The Sankofa** over the mantel is the arcade's own vetted drawing (the heart form, `adinkra/index.html`), whose sources are in `adinkra/SOURCES.md`. It is reused path for path, in gold leaf on oxblood. - **The frieze** carries the narrators' names (the subject's name, Tubman, for Bradford's book), the way older reading rooms carve their authors' names. - **The shelves.** The reading room holds the Black canon. The east wall is the golden wall: at its centre the narratives, under the WPA interviews; to one side Africa and the diaspora (Black history the world over, including older and contested works on Egypt and Ethiopia, whose blurbs say plainly what they claim) and the radical tradition; to the other the speeches and essays and the historians. Its cases are backed in an original damask pattern, edged in gilt and lit by brass picture lights. On the north wall, beside the fire, are the fiction, the poets and the witnesses (also gilt), and scripture and the spirit; on the south wall, useful knowledge and natural history. The great books of the world fill the Great Hall. Each section in the reading room has a plaque. The spines are the arcade's own designs, not copies of particular bindings: cloth with gilt rules for the Black canon, and leather with raised bands and a title label for the rest. The plain volumes filling out the shelves are scenery, not books you can read. Books are drawn a little larger than life, so a spine can be read from across the room. - **Begin here.** A gilt-edged runner leads from the middle of the room to the narratives' shelves, a warm light falls on them, their books glow softly where they stand, and their plaque says to begin there; first-time readers are pointed to them. - **Who you are.** The books of the person you read as glow for you alone: their own books; for Harriet Bailey, her son's *Narrative* and *My Bondage and My Freedom*, where she is remembered (her description, her twelve-mile walks at night, and that she could read are Douglass's words in *My Bondage and My Freedom*); for Malcolm X, books he names from his reading in the Norfolk Prison Colony in *The Autobiography of Malcolm X* (1965), chapter "Saved": Du Bois's *The Souls of Black Folk*, *Uncle Tom's Cabin* (he says it was the only novel he read once his serious reading began), Fanny Kemble's journal, the Confessions of Nat Turner, Herodotus, and Woodson's *The Negro in Our History*, where they are on the shelves. Malcolm X is chosen once you have taken down ten books and read one to the end. - **The shared library.** On the claude.ai page everyone who opens it walks into one library. Where each reader stands travels as their live presence, and changes to the room as live messages, through claude.ai's room capability; the library itself, and the margin notes readers share, are kept in the page's shared database, so they are still there after everyone leaves. Nothing else about a reader is sent: no account details, only the name they type and the figure they choose. On the library's own website (library.jordanstrudwick.com, built by `deploy/site/build.js`) the same shared library runs over three public Nostr relays (relay.damus.io, nos.lol, relay.primal.net), through `deploy/site/commons-nostr.js` and nostr-tools 2.25.2 (Unlicense; its browser bundle includes Paul Miller's MIT-licensed noble and scure libraries, whose licence ships beside it). There, each browser signs with a random key of its own, and the library's layout and shared notes are public on those relays. - **The Great Hall** lies through the double doors on the south wall. It is a domed rotunda in the manner of the great reading rooms: a ring of oak bookcases with a balcony tier above, a drum of windows, and a glass dome over a night sky. The compass rose in its floor points north, back to the Reading Room. Its shelves hold the great books of the world: the novel, epic and drama, and philosophy and politics. The doors open when you finish your first chapter, and stay open. - **The Banned Books gallery**, off the hall's east side, opens when you finish your first whole book. Its ten vitrines each hold a book from this collection that was banned, burned, seized or pulled from the shelves somewhere. The plaques say what happened, and nothing more: - *Walker's Appeal*: Georgia's capital law of December 1829 against circulating insurrectionary writing, and North Carolina's two laws of 1830, against seditious publications and against teaching enslaved people to read. Sources: Zinn Education Project, "Georgia Bans Insurrectionary Literature" ; Equal Justice Initiative, 15 November 1830 ; Leventhal Map & Education Center . - *Uncle Tom's Cabin*: Samuel Green's ten-year sentence in Maryland in 1857, and his pardon in 1862. Sources: Archives of Maryland, biography of Samuel Green ; House Divided Project, Dickinson College . - *Southern Horrors*: the mob that wrecked the *Free Speech* in Memphis, 27 May 1892. Sources: Equal Justice Initiative, 27 May 1892 ; National Constitution Center . That the pamphlet grew out of her *New York Age* account of 25 June 1892 is from its own preface, in this collection. - *Adventures of Huckleberry Finn*: the Concord library committee, March 1885, and Twain's words about it. Source: *Mark Twain in His Times*, University of Virginia . - *Leaves of Grass*: Boston, 1882. Sources: The Walt Whitman Archive ; the Lilly Library, Indiana University . - *Ulysses*: the 1921 *Little Review* ruling and Judge Woolsey's of December 1933. Sources: The Free Speech Center, Middle Tennessee State University ; Banned Books, Indiana University . - *The Prince*, Montaigne's *Essays* and *Les Misérables*: the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books (1559, 1676, 1864), abolished in 1966. Sources: University of Toronto Libraries, "Machiavelli's *The Prince* in the Sixteenth Century" ; Larousse, *Essais* ; the Index's entry for Hugo, as given in a study published on Fabula ; Fordham University's Internet History Sourcebooks, on the Index . - *The Communist Manifesto*: the book burnings of 10 May 1933. Sources: Anne Frank House ; Jewish Virtual Library . - **Zooming in** narrows the field of view, like a longer lens, up to 6×, so the spines can be read from across the room. - **The celestial globe** shows the Big Dipper pointing to Polaris. Star positions are J2000 right ascension and declination, rounded (Dubhe 11h03.7 +61.75, Merak 11h01.8 +56.38, Phecda 11h53.8 +53.69, Megrez 12h15.4 +57.03, Alioth 12h54.0 +55.96, Mizar 13h23.9 +54.93, Alkaid 13h47.5 +49.31, Polaris 2h31.8 +89.26). Its note quotes Henry Bibb's *Narrative*, Chapter IV ("guided by the unchangable North Star by night", his spelling). The North Star as the guide north is named in these books again and again: Bibb, W. W. Brown, Douglass (both books), Jacobs, Delaney, Steward, J. D. Green and Bradford's *Harriet*. The globe is labelled "The Big Dipper", not "The Drinking Gourd": the song that gives that name was first published in 1928, and its Underground Railroad origin is disputed, so it is left out. - **The rugs** are original geometric designs in Kuba-cloth colours (raffia, rust, black). They are not copies of particular cloths and make no claim about any pattern's meaning. - **Reading aloud.** The speaker button in the reader reads any book aloud, for anyone. Earlier versions of the room let you walk in as Sojourner Truth or Harriet Tubman, who never learned to read or write, and read books aloud to them; their places among the readers are now Harriet Bailey's and Phillis Wheatley's. The *Narrative of Sojourner Truth* and Bradford's *Harriet* stay on the shelves. - **The readers** you can choose are stylised figures, not portraits. Each is drawn from the clothes and hair in widely published photographs and engravings: Douglass's white swept-back hair and full beard in his later portraits, with frock coat and bow tie; Phillis Wheatley's mob cap, dark gown and white collar in the 1773 frontispiece of her *Poems*; Harriet Jacobs's parted, drawn-back hair and dark high-collared dress in her 1894 photograph; Ida B. Wells's upswept hair, high collar and brooch; Booker T. Washington's close crop, dark three-piece suit and high collar; Du Bois's goatee, three-piece suit and watch chain; and Malcolm X's browline glasses and narrow tie. No likeness of Harriet Bailey, Douglass's mother, survives. She is built from his words in *My Bondage and My Freedom*: "tall, and finely proportioned; of deep black, glossy complexion; had regular features", and "remarkably sedate in her manners". She is dressed as a Maryland field hand of the 1820s, in tow linen, an apron and a headwrap. Douglass learned after her death that she could read, "the only one of all the slaves and colored people in Tuckahoe who enjoyed that advantage". Heights are approximate: Douglass at about six feet, Du Bois at five foot six and Malcolm X at six foot three are well attested; the others are estimates. - **Code.** three.js r158 (`../lib/three.min.js`, shared across the arcade). PeerJS 1.5.5 (MIT), vendored unmodified as `vendor/peerjs.min.js` and loaded only when someone opens or joins a shared room. Rooms use PeerJS's public matchmaking server (0.peerjs.com) to exchange a room code, then connect browser to browser with public STUN servers (Google, Twilio). - **Sound** is synthesised in the browser: the fire, footsteps, pages and the furniture. Read-aloud uses the voices built into your device (the Web Speech API). ## The cinema A roll-up screen hangs on the chimney breast, in front of the Sankofa, and a projector rises out of a walnut stand behind the sofa (`cinema.js`). Its programme is race films (films made for Black audiences, most of them by Black filmmakers) and other early Black cinema in the U.S. public domain. U.S. copyright on works published before 1931 has run out; the two later films are free for the reasons given with them. The notes in the programme are short and factual. Every film plays from Wikimedia Commons, whose file server (upload.wikimedia.org) sends CORS headers, so the picture can be painted onto the 3D screen. A file's address there is fixed by its name: MediaWiki files it under the first one and first two hex digits of the MD5 of the name (spaces as underscores). Where Commons holds only a 1080p master of several gigabytes, the room first asks for the 480p VP9 copy Commons makes of every video (`…/transcoded////.480p.vp9.webm`) and falls back to the master, or to a smaller upload of the same film. The file names below were confirmed from the Commons file pages as they appear in search results; the room was built where archive.org and Wikimedia could not be reached, so the files themselves were not fetched, and the 480p copies in particular are named by Commons' scheme rather than seen. - ***A Natural Born Gambler*** (1916), directed by and starring Bert Williams, for Biograph. Williams's pantomime of a poker game played alone in a jail cell; he performs in blackface, as his era required of him. Public domain: published 1916. Commons: (VP8, 480 × 360, 23 min), played from . Also at the Internet Archive: . - ***Within Our Gates*** (1920), Oscar Micheaux. His reply to *The Birth of a Nation*, with Evelyn Preer; the oldest known surviving feature film by an African-American director, found in Spain as *La Negra*. Public domain: published 1920. Commons: (320 × 240, 77 min, superseded there by `Within_Our_Gates_HQ.webm`, 1440 × 1080). Played from the 480p copy of the HQ file, , then . Also at . - ***The Symbol of the Unconquered*** (1920), Oscar Micheaux, also called *The Wilderness Trail*. A Black homesteader in the Northwest strikes oil, and hooded night riders come to drive him off; with Iris Hall and Walker Thompson. Public domain: published 1920. Commons: (VP8, 480 × 360, 59 min), played from ; then the 480p copy of `Oscar_Micheaux_-_The_Symbol_of_the_Unconquered_(1920).webm` (1440 × 1080, from *Pioneers of African-American Cinema*). - ***Body and Soul*** (1925), Oscar Micheaux. Paul Robeson's first film, in two parts: an escaped convict posing as a preacher, and his upright brother. Public domain: published 1925. Commons: (640 × 480, 79 min, from the Internet Archive's Bill Sprague Collection), played from ; then the 480p copy of `Body_and_Soul_(1925).webm` (George Eastman Museum transfer, 1442 × 1080, 92 min). - ***The Flying Ace*** (1926), Richard E. Norman, Norman Studios, Jacksonville, Florida. An all-Black aviation thriller: a war-hero pilot turns detective when a railroad agent vanishes with $25,000. National Film Registry, 2021. Public domain: published 1926. Commons: (66 min), played from its 480p copy, then . - ***Ten Nights in a Barroom*** (1926), Roy Calnek, Colored Players Film Corporation, Philadelphia. Charles S. Gilpin, the stage's first Emperor Jones, in the temperance melodrama. Public domain: published 1926. Commons: (1386 × 1080, 63 min, 3.8 GB, from *Pioneers of African-American Cinema*), played from its 480p copy, then . - ***The Scar of Shame*** (1927), Frank Peregini, Colored Players Film Corporation. Love and marriage across lines of class and colour in Black Philadelphia; shot in the winter of 1927, released in April 1929. Public domain: published before 1931 on either date. Commons: (1440 × 1072, 87 min, 3.2 GB), played from its 480p copy, then . Also at . - ***St. Louis Blues*** (1929), Dudley Murphy. Bessie Smith's only film: she sings W. C. Handy's song. Public domain: published 1929. Commons: (VP8, 600 × 480, 15 min), played from ; then the 480p copy of `St._Louis_Blues.webm` (Library of Congress copy, 1440 × 1080). - ***Black and Tan*** (1929), Dudley Murphy, for RKO. Duke Ellington's first film, with his orchestra, and Fredi Washington as a dancer with a failing heart. National Film Registry, 2015. Public domain: published 1929. Commons: (VP9, 765 × 572, 18 min, imported from the Internet Archive item `black-and-tan_1929`), played from . Also at . - ***Hallelujah*** (1929), King Vidor, for MGM. One of the first Hollywood studio films with an all-Black cast, an early talkie with Daniel L. Haynes, Nina Mae McKinney and Eva Jessye's choir. National Film Registry, 2008. Public domain: published and registered in 1929 (Library of Congress, "Lifecycle of Copyright: 1929 Works in the Public Domain", ). Commons: (VP8, 1436 × 1080, 100 min), played from its 480p copy, then . - ***The Blood of Jesus*** (1941), Spencer Williams, who wrote and directed it and acts in it. A dying woman's soul at the crossroads between Zion and Hell; made in Texas; presumed lost until the 1980s; National Film Registry, 1991. Public domain: published 1941 and its copyright was not renewed, as Wikimedia Commons records (PD-US-not renewed); the Internet Archive marks its copies Public Domain Mark 1.0. This rests on the renewal records rather than on age, so it is less certain than the films before 1931, and it may still be protected in countries that do not apply the rule of the shorter term. Commons: (1920 × 1080, 57 min), played from its 480p copy, then . Also at . - ***The Negro Soldier*** (1944), Stuart Heisler, for the U.S. War Department; written by Carlton Moss, who plays the preacher who tells the history of Black soldiers in America's wars. Public domain: a work of the U.S. federal government. Commons: (1920 × 1080, 40 min, from National Archives identifier 35956), played from its 480p copy, then (322 × 240). Also at . **Your own links.** The cinema also plays a link you paste. A direct video file (.mp4, .webm) plays on the screen if its server sends CORS headers, and otherwise in a window over the room. A YouTube link plays in a window, in YouTube's privacy-enhanced player (youtube-nocookie.com); the screen behind it shows a title card, since an embedded player cannot be painted onto a 3D surface. A shared room carries only the link (for YouTube, the video's id), never the video, and checks it: only http and https links, and only well-formed YouTube ids. What you choose to play is your own responsibility.